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FARM BUREAU ECONOMISTS ON "ONE BIG BEAUTIFUL BILL" AND ITS IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE
Jun. 5, 2025
By Daniel Munch and Samantha Ayoub, Economists, American Farm Bureau Federation
Washington, DC -- The House of Representatives' advancement of H.R.1, the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act," marks a significant step toward restoring longer-term certainty for farmers and ranchers after a series of short-term extensions of the 2018 farm bill. Reconciliation is a special legislative process that allows certain budget-related bills to pass with a simple majority in the Senate, bypassing the filibuster, making it a powerful tool for enacting key priorities.
The bill combines several Farm Bureau-supported provisions, across commodity programs and tax policy, into one comprehensive package.
The bill comes amid continued debate over farm policy and persistent challenges in farm country, such as volatile markets, high production costs and weather disasters. While H.R.1 extends critical programs through 2031 and includes fresh investments in agriculture, the Senate is not required to take up the House version and may modify it significantly.
As that process unfolds, farmers and ranchers are watching closely, urging lawmakers to retain and strengthen provisions that provide meaningful support for agriculture.
According to the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the House-passed version of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act would increase agriculture-facing programs spending by $56.6 billion over the next decade (fiscal years 2025-2034). Of the total increase, $52.3 billion is tied to enhancements in the farm safety net, such as higher reference prices under Price Loss Coverage (PLC), adjusted formulas for Agricultural Risk Coverage (ARC) and expanded crop insurance support.
The remaining $4.3 billion includes investments in trade promotion, rural school funding, livestock biosecurity, research and energy programs (Figure 1).
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